Table 1 Descriptive statistics of variables for coordinated and non-coordinated farms
From: Do durum wheat producers benefit of vertical coordination?
Variables | All sample | Vertically coordinated farms | Non-coordinated farms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(obs. 2450) | (obs. 183) | (obs. 2267) | ||
Mean | Std.dev | Mean | Mean | |
Farmer age (years) | 59.81 | 13.31 | 58.86 | 59.89 |
Farmer education (degree) | 3.72 | 1.52 | 4.09 | 3.69 |
Farmer gender (1 = female, 0 male) | 0.22 | N.A | 0.15 | 0.22 |
Location (1 if farms located in south of Italy) | 0.50 | N.A | 0.47 | 0.50 |
Conduction (1 if farms without employed workers, 0 otherwise) | 0.67 | N.A | 0.52 | 0.69 |
Quality certification (1 = presence, 0 otherwise) | 0.03 | N.A | 0.06 | 0.02 |
Organic certification (1 = presence, 0 otherwise) | 0.03 | N.A | 0.04 | 0.03 |
Investment in the last 5 years (1 = yes, 0 otherwise) | 0.33 | N.A | 0.39 | 0.33 |
Land property (€/ha) | 61.31 | 120.65 | 83.91 | 59.48 |
Farm UAA hectares | 59.82 | 77.37 | 91.73 | 57.25 |
Intensity of mechanization (kw/ha) | 5.97 | 5.63 | 4.92 | 6.05 |
Irrigation (1 = presence, 0 otherwise) | 0.07 | N.A | 0.09 | 0.07 |
Gross sales (per hectare) | 1107.95 | 742.60 | 1234.11 | 1097.77 |
Relative profit differences | 1.37 | 2.39 | 2.53 | 1.28 |
Fixed costs (per hectare) | 244.68 | 262.35 | 232.39 | 245.67 |
Variable costs (per hectare) | 646.16 | 517.83 | 697 | 642.06 |
Wheat—yield (q.ls/ha) | 37.83 | 12.30 | 38.34 | 37.79 |
Wheat—gross sales (per hectare) | 921.53 | 387.65 | 1021.81 | 913.44 |
Wheat—gross margin (per hectare) | 566.45 | 374.75 | 669.06 | 558.17 |
Wheat—variable costs (per hectare) | 355.09 | 173.79 | 352.75 | 355.28 |