Coping with food and nutrition insecurity in Zimbabwe: does household head gender matter?

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 2 Background characteristics of the household heads by gender

Variable	Female [F]	Male [M]	Difference [F – M]
Age [Years]	51.078	46.725	4.353***
Marital status
Married living together	0.185	0.897	− 0.712***
Married living apart	0.142	0.035	0.107***
Divorced/separated	0.119	0.014	0.105***
Widowed/widower	0.518	0.030	0.488***
Never married	0.035	0.023	0.012***
Level of education
No education	0.197	0.093	0.104***
Primary level	0.369	0.274	0.095***
ZJC	0.193	0.200	− 0.007**
O’ level	0.173	0.289	− 0.116***
A’ level	0.049	0.101	− 0.053***
Diploma/certificate after primary	0.005	0.011	− 0.005***
Diploma/certificate after secondary	0.011	0.023	− 0.012***
Graduate/post-graduate	0.003	0.009	− 0.006***

Notes: The fourth column shows the results of two-tailed t-test for the difference in the means
***, **, and * indicate the 1, 5, and 10% levels of significance