The geography of agriculture participation and food security in a small and a medium-sized city in Ghana

Ayerakwa, Hayford Mensah; Dzanku, Fred Mawunyo; Sarpong, Daniel Bruce

doi:10.1186/s40100-020-00155-3

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 4 Ordered probit estimates of participation in agriculture and food security (overall sample)

From: The geography of agriculture participation and food security in a small and a medium-sized city in Ghana

Variables		Average marginal effects
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
	Coef.	Severe	Moderate	Mild	Secure
Participation in agriculture (ref. is UandR
Nonp	− 0.437***	0.095	0.052	0.010	− 0.158
Uonly	− 0.385***	0.082	0.047	0.010	− 0.139
Ronly	− 0.449***	0.099	0.054	0.010	− 0.163
Female HH head	− 0.264***	0.071	0.024	− 0.000	− 0.095
Age of HH head	0.007**	− 0.002	− 0.001	− 0.000	0.003
Age of spouse	− 0.005	0.001	0.000	0.000	− 0.002
Married HH head	0.067	− 0.017	− 0.007	− 0.000	0.024
Years schooling: HH head	− 0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	− 0.000
Years schooling: spouse	0.060***	− 0.015	− 0.006	− 0.000	0.022
Years schooling: other adult	0.070	− 0.018	− 0.007	− 0.000	0.025
HH size	0.021	− 0.005	− 0.002	− 0.000	0.008
Share of dependants	0.009	− 0.002	− 0.001	− 0.000	0.003
Received cash transfer	0.013	− 0.003	− 0.001	− 0.000	0.005
Received food transfer	0.102*	− 0.026	− 0.010	− 0.001	0.037
No. of nonfarm income earners	0.022	− 0.006	− 0.002	− 0.000	0.008
Monthly per capita income	0.003***	− 0.001	− 0.000	− 0.000	0.001
Livestock producer	− 0.029	0.007	0.003	0.000	− 0.011
Owns dwelling	0.100*	− 0.025	− 0.010	− 0.001	0.036
Chronically sick HH head	− 0.186**	0.050	0.017	− 0.000	− 0.067
Chronically sick spouse	− 0.176*	0.048	0.016	− 0.000	− 0.063
Chronically HH member	− 0.069	0.018	0.007	0.000	− 0.025
Indebted	− 0.025	0.006	0.002	0.000	− 0.009
Unemployed HH head	− 0.398***	0.116	0.029	− 0.005	− 0.140
Unemployed spouse	− 0.222**	0.061	0.019	− 0.001	− 0.079
Unemployed HH member	− 0.229***	0.062	0.021	− 0.000	− 0.082
Techiman	0.013	− 0.003	− 0.001	− 0.000	0.005
μ (1)	− 0.602***
μ (2)	0.078
μ (3)	0.405*
Observations	2004
Log–likelihood value	− 2370
Pseudo R²	0.097

***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

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