Table 4 Gross margin component (Gh₵) across agro-ecologies

Average flock size

19.74^a

16.17^b

Physical products

 Non-marketed products

  Meat consumed at home

147.85^a

146.80^a

  Manure

0.31^a

0.021^a

  Hide

9.36^a

6.89^a

  In-kind

42.52^a

67.23^a

  Sub-totals (A)

198.13^a

221.13^a

 Marketed products

  Meat

544.52^a

438.86^b

  Less hidden cost (death/losses)

254.38^a

309.02^a

  Less external inputs

55.80^a

53.56^a

  Sub-totals (B)

234.34^a

129.84^b

Gross margin (A+B)

432.46^a

350.98^b

Gross margin per animal (GM/flock size)

21.91^a

21.71^b