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Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 3 Marginal effects for the adoption of different conservation practices/bundles

From: Assessing the joint adoption and complementarity between in-field conservation practices of Kansas farmers

Variables

None

No-tillage only

Cover crops only

Use of manure only

No-tillage and cover crops

No-tillage and use of manure

KW factor

0.895**

(0.397)

− 1.328***

(3.09)

0.314**

(0.139)

− 0.107

(0.132)

− 0.039

(0.192)

0.266

(0.205)

Available water content

− 1.749**

(0.721)

2.652***

(0.781)

− 0.707**

(0.271)

0.137

(0.235)

0.169

(0.348)

− 0.502

(0.371)

Std slope

0.0046

(0.0069)

0.0021

(0.0075)

0.0032*

(0.0018)

− 0.0053*

(0.0026)

− 0.0032

(0.0034)

− 0.0014

(0.0036)

Farm size

− 0.00009***

(0.00001)

0.00008***

(0.00001)

0.00000

0.00000

− 0.00001

(0.00000)

0.00000

(0.00000)

0.00001***

(0.00000)

Rental percentage

− 0.108***

(0.028)

0.096***

(0.030)

− 0.022**

(0.0095)

− 0.012

(0.0090)

0.026*

(0.013)

0.021

(0.014)

Irrigation percent

− 0.010

(0.068)

0.118

(0.076)

− 0.091

(0.064)

0.011

(0.017)

− 0.065

(0.049)

0.037

(0.031)

EQIP and CSP

− 0.110***

(0.030)

0.049

(0.034)

0.013

(0.014)

− 0.012*

(0.0072)

0.038**

(0.018)

0.023

(0.017)

Experience

0.0016**

(0.0007)

− 0.00061

(0.00077)

− 0.00014

(0.00018)

− 0.00006

(0.00023)

− 0.00001

(0.00033)

− 0.00079**

(0.00038)

Risk avoider

0.012

(0.020)

0.012

(0.021)

− 0.0045

(0.0054)

0.0084

(0.0065)

− 0.018**

(0.0088)

− 0.0096

(0.010)

Off-farm employ

− 0.050**

(0.021)

0.055**

(0.023)

− 0.0097*

(0.0058)

− 0.0032

(0.0066)

0.0098

(0.0095)

− 0.0021

(0.011)

Crop insurance

− 0.013

(0.022)

0.046*

(0.023)

− 0.0099

(0.0069)

− 0.0029

(0.0065)

− 0.0047

(0.010)

− 0.015

(0.012)

Gender

− 0.078*

(0.049)

0.170***

(0.050)

− 0.015

(0.017)

0.0099

(0.011)

− 0.041

(0.030)

− 0.046

(0.033)

College

− 0.063**

0.021

0.050**

(0.023)

− 0.010*

(0.0053)

0.014*

(0.0073)

0.0013

(0.0096)

0.0084

(0.011)

Livestock

0.019

(0.020)

− 0.080***

(0.022)

− 0.0064

(0.0056)

0.032***

(0.0065)

− 0.0013

(0.0094)

0.037***

(0.010)

West

− 0.015

(0.029)

− 0.0072

(0.032)

− 0.0072

(0.0069)

0.0016

(0.0094)

− 0.012

(0.012)

0.040**

(0.020)

East

− 0.053**

(0.024)

0.066**

(0.027)

− 0.027***

(0.0082)

− 0.0018

(0.0077)

− 0.020**

(0.010)

0.035**

(0.016)

Average PZ

0.137

(0.111)

− 0.173

(0.119)

− 0.083**

(0.035)

0.051

(0.041)

0.040

(0.057)

0.028

(0.052)

Std PZ

− 0.094

(0.104)

0.222*

(0.112)

0.038

(0.033)

− 0.040

(0.032)

− 0.061

(0.052)

− 0.065

(0.055)

Model fit statistics

Log likelihood

− 2180.80

McFadden pseudo R2

0.084

Number of observations

2091

  1. Standard errors are presented in parentheses
  2. ***, **, * indicate statistical significance at 1%, 5% and 10% level, respectively. Marginal effects are estimated as partial average effects following Greene (2012)
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