Table 4 Summary statistics of explanatory variables*.
From: Structural change in the dairy sector: exit from farming and farm type change
Variable | Mean | Standard deviation |
|---|---|---|
Number of workers (family): 0 | 0.001 | 0.024 |
 1 | 0.084 | 0.278 |
 2 | 0.362 | 0.481 |
 3 | 0.297 | 0.457 |
 4 | 0.177 | 0.382 |
 5 | 0.045 | 0.206 |
 > 5 | 0.035 | 0.183 |
Apprentices (binary) | 0.029 | 0.168 |
Employees (binary) | 0.126 | 0.332 |
Age of the farmer (years) | 45.033 | 13.521 |
Number of dairy cows | 16.338 | 12.206 |
Stocking rate (LU/UAA) | 1.414 | 0.935 |
Organic farm (binary) | 0.122 | 0.328 |
Animal welfare housing system (BTS, binary) | 0.354 | 0.478 |
Regularly keeping animals outdoors (RAUS, binary) | 0.755 | 0.430 |
Herfindahl–Hirschman index (0: diversified, 1: specialised) | 0.412 | 0.115 |
Direct payments in 1000 CHF | 47.783 | 27.786 |
Ratio of direct payments/SO | 0.422 | 0.226 |
Milk price index (2015: 100) | 115.881 | 10.172 |
Gruyère (PDO region) | 0.155 | 0.362 |
Raclette du Valais (PDO region) | 0.042 | 0.200 |
Rest of CH | 0.803 | 0.398 |
Comparison salary in 2nd and 3rd sector in 1000 CHF | 63.761 | 5.553 |
Unemployment rate (Canton level) | 0.024 | 0.009 |
Valley region | 0.217 | 0.412 |
Hill region | 0.353 | 0.478 |
Mountain region | 0.430 | 0.495 |
Farm type (groups) | ||
 Specialised dairy farms | 0.666 | 0.472 |
 Specialised cattle farms | 0.169 | 0.374 |
 Suckler cow farms and combined cattle farms (group) | 0.077 | 0.267 |
 Horse/sheep/goat farms | 0.012 | 0.108 |
 Arable crops, special crops, granivore farms (group) | 0.076 | 0.265 |
Number of observations | 441,281 | Â |