Structural change in the dairy sector: exit from farming and farm type change

Zorn, Alexander; Zimmert, Franziska

doi:10.1186/s40100-022-00212-z

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 5 Summary statistics of staying and leaving farms.

From: Structural change in the dairy sector: exit from farming and farm type change

Variable	Farm exit = 0		Farm exit = 1		Mean difference
Variable	Mean	Std. dev.	Mean	Std. dev.	(mean 1 − mean 0)
Number of workers (family): 0	0.001	0.024	0.001	0.025	0.000
1	0.082	0.275	0.198	0.399	0.116***
2	0.360	0.480	0.459	0.498	0.099***
3	0.298	0.457	0.208	0.406	− 0.091***
4	0.179	0.383	0.097	0.296	− 0.081***
5	0.045	0.207	0.019	0.136	− 0.026***
> 5	0.035	0.184	0.018	0.134	− 0.017***
Apprentices (binary)	0.029	0.169	0.012	0.111	− 0.017***
Employees (binary)	0.126	0.332	0.105	0.306	− 0.022***
Age of the farmer (years)	44.903	13.429	52.076	16.319	7.173***
Number of dairy cows	16.420	12.191	11.892	12.202	− 4.528***
Stocking rate (LU/UAA)	1.414	0.934	1.387	0.983	− 0.027**
Organic farm (binary)	0.123	0.329	0.070	0.255	− 0.053***
Animal welfare housing system (BTS, binary)	0.357	0.479	0.184	0.388	− 0.173***
Regularly keeping animals outdoors (RAUS, binary)	0.759	0.428	0.571	0.495	− 0.188***
Herfindahl–Hirschman index	0.411	0.115	0.443	0.133	0.032***
Direct payments in 1000 CHF	48.052	27.727	33.183	27.048	− 14.869***
Ratio of direct payments/SO	0.422	0.226	0.422	0.230	0.001
Milk price index (2015 = 100)	115.909	10.170	114.395	10.165	− 1.513***
Gruyère (PDO region)	0.154	0.361	0.207	0.405	0.053***
Raclette du Valais (PDO rgn.)	0.041	0.198	0.069	0.253	0.028***
Rest of CH	0.805	0.397	0.724	0.447	− 0.080***
Comparison salary in 2nd and 3rd sector in 1000 CHF	63.749	5.551	64.394	5.587	0.645***
Unemployment rate	0.024	0.009	0.024	0.009	0.001***
Valley region	0.217	0.412	0.227	0.419	0.011**
Hill region	0.353	0.478	0.350	0.477	− 0.003
Mountain region	0.431	0.495	0.423	0.494	− 0.007
Agricultural policy periods
2000–2001	0.123	0.328	0.117	0.321	− 0.006*
2002–2006	0.299	0.458	0.225	0.418	− 0.074***
2007–2008	0.114	0.318	0.115	0.318	0.000
2009–2013	0.267	0.443	0.324	0.468	0.057***
2014–2018	0.196	0.397	0.220	0.414	0.023***
Farm type (groups)
Specialised dairy farms	0.665	0.472	0.723	0.448	0.058***
Specialised cattle farms	0.169	0.375	0.144	0.351	− 0.025***
Suckler cow farms and comb. cattle farms (group)	0.078	0.267	0.073	0.260	− 0.004
Horse/sheep/goat farms	0.012	0.107	0.018	0.131	0.006***
Arable crop, granivore farms (group)	0.076	0.266	0.043	0.202	− 0.034***
Number of observations	433,301		7980

t-statistic of mean difference calculated as \(({\mathrm{Mean}}_{1}-{\mathrm{Mean}}_{0})/\sqrt{\frac{({\mathrm{Std}.\mathrm{ dev}.}_{1}^{2})}{{N}_{1}}+\frac{({\mathrm{Std}.\mathrm{ dev}.}_{0}^{2})}{{N}_{0}}}\)
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

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