Table 8 Motivations (goals) of humans behind their values, and dimensions thereof.
From: Growing couch potatoes? The impact of COVID-19 in the light of personal values in Hungary
No | Schwartz Values | Motivation | Dimensions | Motivation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Self-direction | Independent thought and action-centered, creativity, exploration (creativity, freedom, independence, choosing one’s own goals, curiosity) | Openness to change | Controlling one's own impulses and behaviour, according to social norms and expectations |
2 | Stimulation | Excitement, novelty and challenge in life (daringness, variety and excitement in life) | ||
3 | Hedonism | Pleasure or sensuous gratification for oneself (pleasure, enjoying life, self-indulgence) | Self-enhancement | Promoting self-interest at the expense of others, Emphasis on personal success and dominance over others |
4 | Achievement | Personal success through demonstrating competence according to social standards (ambition, success, capability, influence) | ||
5 | Power | Social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources (authority, social power, wealth, preserving public image) | ||
6 | Security | Safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationships, and of self (family security, national security, social order, cleanliness, reciprocation of favors) | Conservation | Maintaining stability and security in relations with one's surroundings, with the emphasis on subservient self-repression, preservation of traditional practices, and emphasis on stability |
7 | Conformity | Restraining from action, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms (self-discipline, politeness, honoring parents and elders, obedience) | ||
8 | Tradition | Respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that traditional culture or religion provide (devotion, respect for tradition, humbleness, moderation) | ||
9 | Benevolence | Preservation and enhancement of the welfare of people with whom one is in frequent personal contact (helpfulness, honesty, forgiveness, loyalty, responsibility) | Self-transcendence | Promoting the wellbeing of society and nature above one's own interests, highlighting the acceptance of others as equals, as well as a concern for their wellbeing |
10 | Universalism | Understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all people and for nature (equality, social justice, wisdom, broadminded, protecting the environment, unity with nature, a world of beauty) |