Fig. 3
From: Spatial market integration of rice in Bangladesh in the presence of transaction cost
Direction of price causality among major rice market pairs of Bangladesh. Note: Single and double arrows represent the unidirectional and bidirectional causality, respectively. For example, ‘Mymensingh → Dℎaka’ represents the price of Dhaka market is determined by the price of Mymensingh. Conversely, ‘Khulna ↔ Chattogram’ represents the price of Khulna market is determined by the price of Chattogram market and vice versa. The numerical value of the graph shows the market distances in kilometer