Capacity utilization, factor substitution, and productivity growth in Canadian food processing sector

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 1 Summary statistics for the variables used in estimation

Variables (in logs)	Notations	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum
Variable Cost	VC	536.87	122.84	304.54	820.34
Unit cost of labor inputs	Pl	0.86	0.13	0.58	1.15
Unit cost of energy inputs	Pe	0.69	0.23	0.35	1.14
Unit cost of materials inputs	Pm	1.31	0.24	1.00	1.85
Unit cost of Services	Ps	0.92	0.08	0.78	1.10
Output	Y	73.69	20.19	36.50	109.82
Capital	K	72.72	23.79	32.96	108.49
Shares in the short-run cost
Labor cost	Sl	0.17	0.01	0.15	0.20
Energy cost	Se	0.02	0.003	0.11	0.02
Raw materials cost	Sm	0.73	0.03	0.68	0.79
Services cost	Ss	0.09	0.02	0.06	0.13

Number of observations is 54 (1961–2014). The variable cost and input prices are deflated using the outprice index. Output and Capital inputs are indexes