Table 2 Selected variables, scale of measurements and the data summary statistics
Variable | Description and measurement scales | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|
Dependent | |||
Credit status | Dummy: Credit constraint (CCT) = 0; Non-credit constraint (NCT) = 1 | 0.44 | 0.53 |
CAS | Discrete (count): The number of climate adaptation strategies (CAS) utilized by the farmer in the last season (0–12) | 4.83 | 1.67 |
Independent (T) | |||
Education | Continuous: Number of years spent in school (years) | 6.05 | 3.98 |
Family size | Continuous: The number of people living and eating under the same roof | 4.31 | 2.10 |
Gender | Dummy: Sex of the famer: 1 = male 0 = female | 0.83 | 0.26 |
Experience | Continuous: The number of years of engaging in crop farming (years) | 17.24 | 9.39 |
Age | Continuous: Age of the farmer (years) | 44.37 | 11.01 |
Farm income | Continuous: Average income from the farm produce (Naira) | 404,006.81 | 698,760.09 |
Non-farm income | Continuous: Average income from non-farm activities (Naira) | 184,415.00 | 173,187.80 |
Extension | Continuous: The number of times being visited by the extension agents in the last production season | 1.56 | 2.03 |
Farm size | Continuous: Land area cultivated for crop production in hectares (Ha) | 3.98 | 6.38 |
Market distance | Continuous: Distance from house to the nearest market (kilometers) | 4.56 | 3.49 |
Awareness of climate change | Dummy: 1 = aware; and 0, otherwise | 0.93 | 0.26 |
Access to climate information | Dummy: 1 = access; and 0, otherwise | 0.58 | 0.45 |
Perceived rainfall | Dummy: 1 = increase; and 0, otherwise | 0.24 | 0.43 |
Perceived temperature | Dummy: 1 = increase; and 0, otherwise | 0.77 | 0.40 |
Instrumental variable (IV)—“R” in Eq. (2) | |||
Possession of collateral | Dummy: 1 = possessed collateral; and 0, otherwise | 0.42 | 0.63 |