Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 3 Mean annual and minimum and maximum values (ha) of embodied land footprint by country of production (2000–2020)

From: Food, biofuels or cosmetics? Land-use, deforestation and CO₂ emissions embodied in the palm oil consumption of four European countries: a biophysical accounting approach

	Mean annual	Min–Max
Italy
Indonesia	165,793	[9940 (2000)–394,518 (2014)]
Malaysia	64,451	[33,403 (2003)–123,054 (2016)]
Papua New Guinea	13,720	[2307 (2020)–28,091 (2002)]
Total	243,963	[68,029 (2000)–466,790 (2014)]
France
Indonesia	68,710	[21,072 (2000)–119,422 (2013)]
Malaysia	47,029	[24,604 (2000)–70,587 (2013)]
Papua New Guinea	5664	[1821 (2000)–10,068 (2017)]
Total	121,404	[47,497 (2000)–196,248 (2013)]
Germany
Indonesia	129,124	[66,326 (2018)–237,041 (2010)]
Malaysia	82,166	[34,702 (2018)–118,091 (2010)]
Papua New Guinea	22,973	[4922 (2002)–51,897 (2015)]
Total	234,263	[109,016 (2018)–390,141 (2010)]
Spain
Indonesia	150,465	[23,881 (2005)–398,334 (2017)]
Malaysia	36,983	[8239 (2006)–97,417 (2019)]
Papua New Guinea	17,352	[991 (2000)–41,151(2009)]
Total	204,800	[37,452 (2000)–488,258 (2017)]

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