Table 5 Interlink between economic upgrading and social upgrading/downgrading of smallholder producers and sharecroppers
Type of economic upgrading | Social upgrading indicator | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Smallholder farmer | Abusa sharecropper | |||||
Child labor reduction | Gender equality (access to training) | Occupational safety and health | Child labor reduction | Gender equality (wage) | Occupational safety and health | |
Process upgrading | Negative | Positive | Negative | Negative | Positive | Negative |
Product upgrading | Positive | Positive | Positive | Negative | Negative | Negative |